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Aluminum Alloy
Pure aluminum and pure magnesium are completely unsuitable as structural materials for airframes, because they have very low strength. However, when alloyed (chemically mixed) with each other or with other metals, their strength is vastly improved, and they form the most widely used group of airframe materials. Alloying metals include zinc, copper, manganese, silicon and lithium, and may be used singly or in combination.
There are very many different variations, each having different properties and so suited to different uses. Magnesium alloys are very prone to attack by sea water, and their use in carrier-based aircraft is generally avoided. Aluminum alloys, although denser than magnesium alloys, are much less prone to chemical attack, and are cheaper, so are more widely used. 2024 alloy, known as duralumin, consists of 93.5 percent aluminum, 4.4 percent copper, 1.5 percent manganese and 0.6 per cent magnesium, and is the most widely used of all materials in aircraft structures. Aluminum alloys are more prone to corrosion than pure aluminum, so pure aluminum is often rolled onto the surfaces of its alloys to form a protective layer. The process is known as cladding, and sheets of alloy treated like this are known as clad sheets or Al-clad. Another common means of protecting aluminum alloys is anodising - conversion of the surface layer to a form which is more corrosion-resistant by an electro-chemical process. Aluminum-lithium alloys are superior to aluminum-zinc and aluminum-copper alloys in strength and stiffness, so can be used to save weight. Their use is limited because they are around three times as expensive.
An interesting property which certain aluminum alloys share with titanium is that they can be super-plastically formed (SPF). When the material is heated to a certain temperature, far below its melting point, it is capable of being stretched by several times its own length without tearing or local thinning. It can then be deformed, using an inert gas such as argon, to fill a mould and take its shape exactly, with no spring-back when the pressure is released. There are various techniques based on this property, which can be used to make extremely complicated shapes accurately and with minimum weight. The high initial cost of tooling means SPF is limited to certain high-cost items, and it is not yet suited to mass production. Items such as pressure vessels, small tanks and reservoirs may be made using this technique.
Advantages of aluminum and magnesium alloys
1. High strength-to-weight ratios
2. A wide range of different alloys, to suit a range of different uses
3. Low density, so greater bulk for same weight means they can be used in a greater thickness than denser materials, and thus are less prone to local buckling; this applies to magnesium alloys even more than aluminum alloys
4. Available in many standard forms - sheet, plate, tube, bar, extrusions
5. Aluminum alloys are easy to work after simple heat treatment
6. Can be super-plastically formed (certain aluminum alloys only)
Disadvantages
1. Prone to corrosion, so need protective finishes, particularly magnesium alloys
2. Many alloys have limited strength, especially at elevated temperatures
3. Magnesium alloys have low strength (but high strength-to-weight ratio)
4. No fatigue limit (see section on fatigue later in this chapter)
www.aviation-database.com has lots of resources for the aircraft industry.
The web is a vast source of information. aviation-database collects the aircraft industry into one huge database of contacts.
Aircraft structures design gives you an idea.
I have a 2002 Toyota Highlander. How do I know if I have steel wheels or aluminum alloy wheels?
I am trying to buy a "center cap" for my wheels. They are asking me if they are steel or aluminum wheels.
USE A MAGNET, IF IT STICKS- ITS STEEL !!!
New T-Series Aluminum Alloy 3CH Metal Co-Axial Helicopter
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Espresso Tamper 50 & 60 Mm Sizes Cast Alloy Hand Coffee
$5.00 Description: This sleek cast aluminum alloy Coffee Tamper fits beautifully in the hand. This was designed by a professional barista to tamp down espresso. You will love it in your kitchen or coffee bar and it also makes an ideal gift for the discerning coffee drinker!! One side is 50mm the other is 58mm Color: aluminum Content: cast aluminum alloy Measurements: 50mm top diameter and 58 mm diamet... |
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Dci Knuckle Pounder Meat Tenderizer
$6.25 Give your meat a punch! Get out that pent-up aggression while preparing your meat with this cool Kuckle Pounder Meat Tenderizer. Looks just like traditional brass knuckles but instead of "knuckles" there is a tenderizer grid. Its made of heavy aluminum alloy and its grooves make it easy to hold and pound the meat. Now what are you waiting for? Pound it out!... |
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Kalorik 200-Watt Electric Meat Slicer with 7.5 Blade
$88.10 Stop paying extra for pre-sliced food. Slice your own meat, cheese, bread, vegetables and fruit quickly and easily with this quality slicer. Features precision depth control and a strong, high quality 200 watt gear motor. Variable thickness control dial from 0 âsafe modeâ when unit is put away, deli-thin 1/32-inch to 1/2-inch thick. Large multipurpose 7-1/2-inch serrated stainless steel ... |
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La Cie 300585 External Firewire 7200 RPM 500 GB Big Disk Hard Drive
$32.49 Mel and Leroy create a sultry mix of drum and bass,soul,jazz and R&B. All original music is created with the kind of imagination rarely seen in todays music.... |
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Neiko Super-Bright 9 LED Heavy-Duty Compact Aluminum Flashlight - Gunmetal Silver
$1.84 This amazing compact flashlight is like a spotlight you can carry in your pocket or purse! NINE light-emitting-diode (LED) bulbs produce a flood of pure, white brilliance but because LED bulbs produce very little heat, three inexpensive AAA batteries will last for over 20 hours continuous. Positive-action switch (click on/click off) won't go on accidently in car, toolbox or pocket. Heavy-weight ... |
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Guard Dog Security 160 Lumen Tactical Flashlight with Stun Gun
$54.94 A particularly handy device for military and law enforcement professionals, as well as security-minded homeowners, the Guard Dog Diablo is a first of its kind, combining the hard-case durability of a tactical field light with the added security of a stun gun. The light shines at an impressive 160 lumens, while the concealed stun gun offers 4,500,000 volts of power, capable of fending off any assai... |
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Neiko Hand Held Power Punch, Sheet Metal Hole Punch Kit
$21.99 Durable power punch tool for punching accurate round holes through all types of materials. From thin brass metal to plastic sheet through 16 gauge mild steel. Features with an adjustable edge guide, easily lets you align holes in a straight line 1/4" to 1-1/2" inches from the edge. Package comes with seven quick-change, durable heat treated punch-and-die sets. Sizes from 3/32, 1/8, 5/32, 3/16, 7/3... |
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Aluminum Welding
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Teens Goin Wild 11
$29.95 These are Integy Silver Aluminum Front and Rear Bulkhead sets for the Traxxas E-Maxx, T-Maxx (.15, 2.5, 2.5R, 3.3), and all other Maxx trucks. These are much stronger than stock and have showroom quality looks. These are a must if you are a serious E-Maxx or T-Maxx owner, or if you want to drive hard and do bigger jumps without replacing bulkheads. Retail Price: $29.99 Per Pair... |
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ADC Tuning Fork
$13.14 These ADC aluminum alloy tuning forks are designed and manufactured to meet the demanding needs of the medical profession. ADC Tuning Forks feature a non-magnetic, corrosion resistant aluminum alloy construction. Weighs 1/3 of comparable steel tuning forks. Produced from 3/8" x 1" bar stock for superior performance and consistent frequency accuracy. Extra long 2" handle of turned smooth aluminum t... |
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